The duties levied on the companies had also been relaxed between these countries. This program was called as ‘The Border Industrialization Program’. With the implementation of NAFTA called as North American Free Trade Agreement, Mexico manufacturing has tripled.

Earlier, Mexico attracted manufacturers who perform only simple assembling. But, later with the development in this industry many big shots with complex products started flowing in to Mexico. China attracted many inexpensive commodity manufacturing in world level. At this time, US were looking for a similar place like china which could produce low cost products. Mexico manufacturing proved as the exact solution for a situation like this. Many foreign firms started setting up their operations and manufacturing in Mexico.

Methods of implementation :
Mexico manufacturing companies used five common methods:

• Contract or sub-contract manufacturing – This method is a form of outsourcing where Mexico manufacturers manufacture products for another company. This method will be used for companies who like to drive down the production cost involved in setting up infrastructure.
• Joint venture – Two or more firms invest for a single manufacturing.
• Full-owned – As its name suggests, the whole capital and profit belongs to a single company.
• Shelter – In this method, a firm can operate manufacturing and assembly in Mexico without even having knowledge of the subsidiary.
• Outsourcing – This is almost same as contract or sub-contract, except that this method outsources people rather than products.

Advantages :
The price of the land marked as one of unique Mexico manufacturing companies’ advantage for its development. Unlike other developing countries, the land cost remain cheap in Mexico which attracted many manufacturing in Mexico. Many firms which require large engineering content preferred Mexico than to other countries. Its proximity to US also helped the manufacturing companies for coordinating activities. Products got manufactured soon as the raw materials were readily available nearby and the products got delivered in time because the markets were nearby.

An investment club is the place where people with limited amount of investment gather around to learn about investing and sharing their experiences. You don’t have to learn everything by yourself anymore.

The major goal of the investment club is teaching their members about how they could make money using various investment tools, and some could goes with Finances Factoring option in supporting further investment needs. They also will learn how to minimize the risk and increase the profits.

Your success in the investing world is not guaranteed by your investment club. It’s just a place where you’ll learn something new about investment. The investment club could not guarantee you to become a successful person because the most important step to become success and rich in the investing world is your own responsibility. The most important step is take action.

You could join the investment club for years, but if you never take action in the investing world, you’ll get nothing. Fortunately, you could use investing club to motivate you to take action.

To get the most out of your investment club, you need to participate actively in it. For example, when you want to buy some stocks, you need to discuss it first with friends from your investment club. They could show you or give you advice about the best way to get in and get out in the stock market. By doing this, you could minimize your risks and increase you profits.

The successful investment club will have a lot of active members. Use their knowledge to learn more about investing world yourself. You could also gain access to online resources or organization computers if you need to find more about the investment tool that you like.

There are several types of investor group that you could find in the investment clubs. Some of them prefer to get profits as fast as possible, and others prefer a long-term investment and slowly build their investment portfolio. Here are 3 types of investment group that you might want to know:

1. Momentum Investors – These investors prefer technical analysis than fundamental to tracking down the price in the stocks market. Their purchase usually following a direct order from the system that they use and they trust.

2. Growth Investors – These investors prefer fundamental analysis before they do the investment. They check carefully the profit margins, growing sales and earnings, and also the prospect of the company that they want to invest to.

3. Value Investors – Value investors using the same fundamental analysis with the Growth Investors, but they have different measurements. They are looking for the company that has a very low stock price but showing a high growth for the next couple years.
Most investors that you’ll find in the investment club often use the fundamental analysis. You could learn from them how to pinpoint a good stock and avoiding the bad ones.

Investing could be done in many forms, such as in real estate, in building a business, or in the stock market. To make it easier to do the investment, most companies arrange that the investment could be done without leaving your own home. That’s the birth of online investment.

Online investment usually doesn’t have so much difference with the common investment. The major difference is you could do it at home with your computers and internet connection. The internet will allow you to explore some of the best investment opportunities online. You could also get some tips in online investing or advices from the experts.

If this is the first time you do the online investing, you need to know that you should start small. Starting small in any online businesses will allow you to research the opportunity deeper and figure the profits and loss ratio and find out the best way to dealing with it. After you comfortable with the small investment and you feel that you already have enough information about online investing at hand, you could increase your initial investment.

When you’re online, the easiest investing opportunity that you could find is trading stocks or options. You could get lots of tips from the online broker, and start building your portfolio. However, this is not the only way to online investing, you’re also could make some cash from auctioning stuffs online, selling your business products or services, and so on.

If you don’t have enough knowledge to start an online trading, you could go to mutual funds. This is the best choice for investors who doesn’t have enough expertise to deal with individual stocks or doesn’t have enough time to do the watching themselves. If you decide to have a mutual fund, make sure you’re not cash out the investment early. You need to build it until it’s solid and could give you long-term profits.

Just like any other broker firms, the online broker firms also have their own fees and charges. Make sure you choose the legitimate one before you use their service.

Doing the online trading yourself will require you some time to master it. You need to use your own time and brain to exercise, and your own tools to signaling you whether you need to get in or get out of the market. The are so many resources that you could find online that will teach you the right way to do the online investing and make some profits from it.

Unlike common investment, there are some problems that need to be addressed properly if you do the online investing. Some of them are your internet connection, the brokerage server or other natural disaster. This is inevitable since it’s the common problem that you’ll likely to face. If your internet connections having a problem make sure you could contact your online brokerage firm to tracking your online trading.

Online trading is just the same with a common one in the risk aspect. There is no guarantee that you could make profits from it or not. You need to find the right system that you could follow in order to make money in online trading.

Forex is quite popular for some people who want to make it as their startup home business. With as low as $100, they could participate in the Forex market and build their fortunes from there.

Getting started in the Forex market is easy. You’re only need to find some Forex company that could facilitate your online trading, make an account, and you’re ready to trade. One thing you need to remember, this Forex Company won’t do the trading for you. They’re just middlemen that provide you with tools to trade. Whether you want to trade or not, it’s entirely your own decision. This Forex Company often gives you two accounts that you could use. One of them is the virtual account and the other is a real account.

Virtual account is the account that you could use to trade virtually. The Forex Company often fills this account with $5000 amount and up that you could use to exercise your trading method. This is just virtual money that they prepare for you and you can’t withdraw the amount. The real trading account will be the real account that will be used for your trading activity. This is where you real money is.

After you get an account, it’s time for you to pick up the right tools or systems. You could find tons of Forex systems or methods on the internet. Of course not all of them are free. Some of them required you to pay a one time fee to purchase their systems, and others will require you to pay on the monthly basis to access their methods. No matter which systems that you choose, make sure that you pick the right one.

But how do you know that you pick the right one? Simply doing the cross checks for yourself. Go to the Forex forums, and see what other person thinks about a particular method or system. Also, be aware of the people who create the system or method. There are so many scams on the internet, and you need to be smart to tell the difference between the real one and the scam one. Do your own due diligence, and choose your system or method based on it.

After you get the account and the system, it’s time for you to test it. Use the virtual account that you get from the Forex Company, and play with your system for at least a month. It’s to familiar yourself with the system, and also checking the profits and losses of the system that you use. After you’re ready, it’s time to use your real account. Put some capital in it, and you’re ready to trade!

To build a better future, you need to make an investment plan. The plan that is not only put some money after you’re retired, but also the plan that keeps growing up. Here are some investment tools that you could take advantage of in building a successful financial life :

1. 401K Plan – This is the easiest and fastest way to save some money for your retirement day. The money will be taken from your payroll, and usually you’ll never realize that you have it before until your retirement day. Make sure you have this 401K Plan. If you haven’t, open a new one.

2. Life Insurance – No one in their right mind will skip the life insurance. It is the best tool to protect yourself against any accidents that may occur to you. It will make your family more secure just in case you passed away and left your children and wife with nothing.

3. Stocks – This one is quite popular today. This investment tool allows you to buy some shares of the company, and they will pay you with dividends for it. This will require a good time of research to find the best company. But after you’re done, you could relax and let them grow themselves.

4. Bonds – Bonds is a promise note from a private company or government. You give them some money as a loan with interest for a number of years until they paid you back, in full. This is usually the lowest risk of investment tool and very useful for people who just starting to investing.

5. Mutual Funds – This is the investment tool that based in gains and loses of shareholder. One person will manage the money from several people or companies, and then spread the investment in several place to minimize the risk that might occur.

6. Money Market Funds – This is a short-term investment tool. You could get in and get out of the market along with your cash in a matter of minutes. You could act as an independent shareholder and manage your own money.

7. Brokered Certificates of Deposit (CDs) – This is an investment tool that require you to invest your money in a set of time. The benefit that you can enjoy from this CDs is that you could take out your money anytime you want without paying any penalty fees.

8. Real Estate – This is the most favorite investment tools all the time. Real estate investment could be your house, empty lands, or rental properties. Many investors love to use this investment tool because it’s steady and the properties price usually rising throughout the years.

No matter which investment tools that you choose, just make sure that you learn something about it first before you jumped off with both feet. You could also ask some advices from the expert in the fields regarding your investment tools before you start investing.

The fall in equity prices will make some companies very vulnerable to absorption by stronger competitors. Companies “predators” have free capital and want to buy cheap shares. Therefore scared of the exchange crisis in 1987, fearing that their shares will be bought by competitors, many U.S. companies, whose share price has fallen, began a massive stock market repurchase of their own shares to preserve their independence. Among them were found even such giants as General Motors, Ford, Coca-Cola, IBM, etc. For many companies, a sharp devaluation of their shares meant bankruptcy.

Historically, two methods of regulation of the securities market were formed, by the State and by the dealers themselves. Prior to the crisis of 1929-33 the state practically did not interfere with the activities of stock exchanges. The crisis and the depression which followed it precipitated the formulation of government regulation of the stock market activities. So far, the law on securities in 1933 and a law on stock exchanges in 1934, remain the basic a document on which rests the state regulation of operations with securities.

The key idea, which was the basis of the state interference in the activities of stock exchanges, has been to maximize non-interference in the process of buying and selling stocks and bonds. A specific embodiment of this idea is found in the principle of “providing information”, on which post-crisis legislative acts are based. Their authors proceeded from the idea that, if the corporation will provide shareholders with detailed and reliable information about the activities of the company, it will automatically lead to the disappearance of the source of all evils on securities market, since the true value of stocks and bonds can be easily identified and their manipulation becomes impossible.

But from the perspective of the society as a whole, stock crisis is only a return to a level that reflects the real situation in the economy. An exchange collapse normally gives rise to the coordination of all economic policy. As a result of a crisis is temporarily restored the relative compliance of processes, occurring in the real economy and in capital formation. However strange it may seem, but in this respect, exchange crises, destroying the “excess” of financial capital, perform a constructive function. Exchange crises have accelerated the development of joint-stock form of property; increasing the concentration of financial capital in the hands of a growing part of the securities, exacerbating the competition between the holders of the shares “for survival,” lead to the bankruptcy of enterprises and banks.

Nevertheless, one can not help seeing that despite all their undeniable negative sides the crises are a prerequisite for the subsequent recovery of the economy. Stock crises, for example, lead to the replacement of backward corporations by advanced, more competitive, beat down the confusing demand for securities, remove from the securities market dealers who are prone to excessive risk, force to seek and introduce new forms and methods of operation of the exchange. (In particular, the stock market crisis of 1987, divided the western economists into supporters of two opposing points of view: some had the notion that stock markets are in need of strengthening the public management, the others remained confident that the market stabilization of the share capital may occur “naturally”, i.e. based on the natural mechanism of action within the exchange).

For small shareholders stock market crises, of course, represent a formidable threat. But rejection of the stock market on the grounds that it is inseparable from speculation and crisis, would deny the economic mechanism a flexible and effective system of capital formation, making the investment process extremely difficult. The availability of the securities market contributes to the capitalization of the income of the members of society, greatly increasing the investment resources of the economy. At the same time, which is very important, there is a real decentralization of the investment process, which gives it the flexibility and dynamism necessary for restructuring of investments.

Finally, the stock market is able to divert a significant portion of cash income of the population, thus reducing the demand for goods and services. This circumstance, which has a very mixed impact on the course of reproduction in developed capitalist countries, may have an important positive value in conditions of a scarce economy.

In practice, the term “exchange” refers primarily to the building, then to the time (Exchange continues from twelve to three), and finally, to a special kind of market. Exclusively with the latter definition, we will deal in the future.

First, one might argue that any stock exchange trade is a trade of replaceable values, and that in exchange hall there are no goods or money. However, markets are not limited to the valuables; there are exchanges, which make their operation in freight (such as the ship-exchange in Ruhrort). In addition, there is also a question related to whether the sale of samples, very often occurring at all stock exchanges, is related to the trade of replaceable values. Secondly, speculation can be described as a characteristic feature of Exchange. However, there is also speculation outside the Exchange. Then we can say that the Exchange is committed to facilitating the trade of goods and securities. This is certainly true, but railroads and many other institutions also serve these purposes, but are not stock exchanges. It is necessary to find other characteristic features of exchanges, distinguishing their traits in comparison with markets.

When people talk about a market, developed before exchange, first and foremost a regular meeting of parties with the purpose of transacting business, happening in a certain place and at certain times, is meant. Place and time – are constant, the parties and operations may vary. Anywhere, where there are no such meetings in a certain place and at a certain time, there can be no question of exchange. The difference between the exchange and the market is mainly in the following three points:

1. In the convertibility of listed on the stock exchange, but absent items

2. The existence of organization in the exchange, in contrast to the free market

3. The existence of formal fixed rates and quotations in the exchange.

Everywhere, where one of these features is missing, it is not an exchange in the stated sense, but rather a market or intermediate levels. Let us analyze in detail the three distinctive traits.

The essence of the Exchange is that it is a special kind of market where trade replaceable values is carried out, while these values and charges for them are not present. What is a replaceable value? This quality is due to the nature of the goods comprising the subject of trade. For example, in the market you buy a particular horse, some flowers, a piece of meat. A hostess buys products of certain quality and class. All these things are there, to examine them in detail. No one buys a pig in a poke. This is followed by the payment and transfer. The characteristic feature of the market is, therefore, in the presence of buyers and sellers, money and goods. At the stock exchange others are often presented, mostly traders. Initially, there were producers and consumers, but they were gradually superseded by merchants. Trading on the stock exchange is not on a physically presented particular product i.e. on the kind of a product, when a bag of rye can be replaced by another of equal quality. Hence the conclusion, that all the goods on the market can be substituted or replaced. The convertibility of goods traded on the exchange leads to one very important consequence: the securities or commodities circulating, i.e., sold or bought on the market may be missing. This fact creates a huge advantage for trade and exchange. The presence of the goods would bring the exchange back into a state of market and the transactions would have been brought up to its size.

Of the convertibility of goods and values, derives the second investigation. Securities or commodities should not be there at the time of purchase, they should not even be available to the owner. These operations form the basis of a stock market speculation. It is based on the fact that each purchase can be compensated with the sale and every sale with a purchase. Or, for example, on the sugar market, the transactions may be concluded for the delivery of sugar supply, when the beets, from which this sugar would be received, were still sown.

The second distinguishing feature of Exchange is the organization. The Exchange is an organized market, i.e. there are bodies for certain functions related to the management, maintenance of order, bringing the exchange transactions to norms, etc. Market does not know such a device. The only body that has the market is the maintenance of order. Sellers and buyers in the market represent a great unorganized mass. But wherever the market rises to the level of exchanges, there appear bodies. However, these bodies are not always the same. Each market has its own organizational structure, but all have at least the stock exchange committee – the chief and the supreme body of the Exchange.

Apart from a clear organizational structure each market also uses the principle of self-regulation, i.e. has inner-Exchange regulations, which are the basis of exchange activity of a specific exchange. These include the Memorandum, Articles of Association and Rules of the trading process.

In the Memorandum are listed the founders of the Exchange, the purpose of its creation and the means of achieving the stated objectives is determined; it is responsible for the obligations of the founders of the Exchange, the initial size of the  statutory fund, its division into shares and how they distributed between the founders, the rights and responsibilities of the founders, the allocation of profits and the establishment of contingency fund, sets out the terms of the termination of the Exchange, indicating the location and details of the Exchange.

As a rule, the Charter of the Exchange includes the following sections:

1. general provisions;

2. creating exchanges;

3. activities of stock exchanges;

4. size, order of formation and change of the authorized capital, funds and profit exchanges;

5. rights and duties of members of the Exchange;

6. management of exchange;

7. accounting and reporting exchanges;

8. termination of the Exchange.

The Rules of the auction reflect the issues such as the participants of exchange trading, and their order, exchange of goods, the order of their setting out and withdrawal from trades; stock transactions, their types, the order of registration, legalization, dissolution, and the recognition of their invalidity; settlement of disputes and sanctions for the violation of the rules of exchange trade.

Stock exchange is an organization with the aim not only to trade in replaceable values, but also the pricing. Pricing on the exchange takes place regularly, and under common control, i.e. behind the authority of the whole assembly or the executive committee. Where there is no such official quotation of prices, there is no exchange.

Now we can define the notion of stock exchange. Stock exchange is an organized market to trade in convertible values on which the process of pricing runs under public control. The objectives of the Exchange are not to supply the economy with raw materials, capital, currency, but the organization, regulation, standardization of commodity, capital and currency markets.

It is not necessary to write about when it was formed, its turnover. More importantly, we need learn how to earn on Forex market.

To get started, you need to get to the Forex market. This is done very simply. There are many companies providing access to trade on the Forex market. Terms and reliability of these companies are different. Many questions arise such as: how to choose a company in which to open an account?

The answer can be how it is done generally. The first step is to go to the website and to read under “about us”. Then choose companies that are not new, as it is a guarantee that the company is stabile and will not disappear with your money. Next, look, whether a license is granted; many major companies that provide access to the Forex market provide on the site as much information as possible about themselves. After that, see the conditions for access to the Forex market. If the company provides too favorable conditions, then you can start having doubts about it. If the company takes great commissions, night, spread, etc., I am hardly going to work with it. Next, you should go to the “news”, and read the pace of its development and its state at the moment. After that, study the software, because through it you will work daily on the Forex market. As you visit the company forum, read the reviews about the company. If you are satisfied with everything, go to the “opening of the account,” read the contract, and if you feel that you like it, open the account and start trading on the Forex market.

With time, as you will earn on Forex market, be sure to open another 2-3 accounts and play on them in turn. This will be a guarantee that if the company closes, you will not be left in the idiots, because you will already be able to return all the money invested and take more from the company. It is done like this: Suppose you invested 3000 rubles on the Forex market, won 3100 on top of it and lifted them to your bank account. Now, you’re already a winner, even if the company closes, you will get all your money back and even take some amount from it as well.

When you select a company and come to the Forex market, it is high time to start earning. The Forex market differs from the stock market and bonds. Its major difference is its technology and its availability. The Forex market is easily accessible. It is more complicated to get on the stock market.

There are two ways of profiting on the Forex market:

To place bets on the event. Thus, currency EUR/USD at 10:00 will be higher than 11:00. There are companies that are doing it.

Have profit from each item of traffic. That is, if the opening bid EUR/USD was at around 1.1200, and after an hour would be at around 1.1220, then for every point of traffic, you lose or win money. If the contract was purchased on the increase, then you’ve earned 20 points (spread not included), but if you opened up for a fall, then you have lost 20 points. The amount of one item is chosen by you. The more money invested in the Forex, the more expensive the point.

On the stock market the scheme is a little different, but it will not be discussed here. The main task here is to learn how to earn on Forex market.

Forex is only a schedule that reflects the expectations of millions of people. Some are involved in the trade, showing their expectations, while others sit and wait for the right moment, also showing their expectations. Forex Market is people’s market. If not for the traders (all who carry out transactions on the Forex market), graphics would stop.

Forex market does not wish anyone evil or good, it is indifferent, it does not know anything about you. If you have lost and it is useless to get mad at the Forex market. Better accept it, find the cause of the loss, and do not to repeat it anymore.

Every trader of the Forex market wants to win money, and he does not think of taking it away from you; his winning is paid by the company.

Many articles and books are written on the Forex market so there are just three important points to be mentioned here:

The choice of a mediator between you and the Forex market
Ways to profit on the Forex market
The structure of Forex market.

World market prices for oil declined on the basis of bidding at the leading oil exchanges on 19 June 2009. Official prices of oil futures next month of delivery were:
in London on InterContinental Exchange Futures – IPE e-Brent Crude Futures Electronic – 69,19 (-1,87) $ / barrel. in New York for the New York Mercantile Exchange – Light, Sweet Crude Oil – 69,55 ( -1.82) U.S. $ / bbl.
During the last day the price rose – the purchase of oil has been attributed to the fact that during the period 12-16 June, the price of oil futures declined more significantly than they have subsequently increased over the last two trading days (17 and 18 June), which technically allowed market participants to continue to enhance the game.
However, the main factor in the fall of the value of “black gold” was the information that stocks of gasoline had substantially increased over the past week in the United States.
It should be recalled that, as of June 12, stocks of gasoline in the United States rose to 3.4 million barrels for the week, exceeding the expectations of industry experts by nearly six times.

Reports on the proposed sale of Volvo appeared last year. A number of buyers claimed for the Swedish company, most likely of which were automobile corporations of China and the consortium of European investors. Geely said earlier that it wanted to gain access to technology and the dealer network of Volvo.

The biggest concern among the fans of Volvo is the question whether the current image of the Swedish car as one of the safest in the world will remain. According to the expert of the London School of Economics Thomas Kirhmayera, by buying the leading European car brands, the Chinese are seeking new technologies in order to strengthen their presence in the global market. «The Future of Volvo depends on what strategy the Chinese will choose. They can minimize the production in Europe and transport equipment to their country or leave everything on their places, – the expert said. – However, several signs indicate that they will keep the production in Europe».

Perhaps, Volvo will remain in its usual form thanks to all the strict requirements from Ford. The company warned that the future owner of Volvo must fully comply with the tradition of the brand. There can be no compromise regarding this issue, as opposed to the price. In 1999, Ford bought the Swedish company for more than 6.4 billion dollars, but since the rumors in the market about a possible sale of the brand its value has ranged from 1.2 billion to $ 3 billion. Net loss of Volvo amounted to U.S. $ 510 million in the first quarter of this year. « It is the best time for the Chinese to acquire foreign companies against the backdrop of world recession », – is confident Jia Singuan, the analyst of the leading Chinese National Automotive Industry Consulting and Development Corp.

For Geely brand Volvo is useful not only in the struggle for European consumers, but also for the domestic market of China. Unlike the American brands, the European ones, including Volvo, are known and popular among the Chinese. According to forecasts, in spite of the crisis sales of cars in China will grow by 17% and exceed 10 million units this year. Geely has already doubled its sales, bringing them up to 101 thousand cars from January to May.

Significant changes in Russian corporate bonds are not observed. The negativity of the United States is continuing to push on the market, but the correction has only been viewed in the long segment of the curve Eurobonds, notes Promsvyazbank.

According to the IC “Troika Dialog”, Eurobonds of oil and gas sector fell against the backdrop of falling oil prices on Wednesday. For example, TNK-BP – 17 dropped to 80.75, while TNK-BP – 18 – to 85.25. The price of the recently posted release RSHB-14 (9 per cent) decreased to 101.25, compared with the level of 101,750-101,875 observed a few days earlier. Eurobonds of “Vympelcom” continued to decline, increasing the losses which had incurred in the previous three days. VimpelCom-16 dropped to 87.50. The price of VimpelCom-18 also fell – to 87.50. Evraz-13 dropped in price to 80.375; however, as it is supported by Russian investors, the price did not go below that point.

On Wednesday, the details of the possible new issue of Eurobonds VTB were announced: it will be 7-year notes with a 3-year option “put”. The amount of the loan will make amount 1-2 billion dollars. The coupon is expected to be on the level of 9 per cent. According to experts of MDM Bank, the investors could like the new release.

Meanwhile, analysts of IC “Troika Dialog” think that the expected coupon rate of 9 per cent and a three-year offer for early redemption of the paper will “rise” in the yield curve of traded Eurobonds VTB, without any premium. The News ruined the mood of the market. This is especially in contrast with the new release of Rosselkhoz, which completed the deployment last week. It should be recalled that the volume of applications for the bonds of the latter exceeded the offer five times, and the pent-up demand spilled on the secondary market and contributed to the growth of other securities of the issuer.

Even before the opening of the trading session, the U.S. Department of Commerce (US Department of Commerce) reported a sudden increase in construction of new homes. According to the data, this index increased by 17.2% – up to 532 thousand units in May compared with that of the previous month. This is significantly better than the expectations of analysts, which forecasted a growth of up to 500 thousand units, and it allowed bidders to forget about the recession for some time. Simultaneously, the Ministry of Labor of the States (US Department of Labor) reported that industrial prices (index PPI) of the United States increased by 0.2% in May 2009 compared to the previous month, while analysts had expected growth rate by 0.7%.

Positive news from the housing market was somewhat balanced by a greater-than-expected decline in industrial production in the United States in May. The indicator has decreased by 1.1% in monthly terms, while experts predicted a decline of 0.9-1%.

At the end of the trading day Dow Jones index fell by 107.46 points (-1.25 per cent) – up to 8504.67 point, NASDAQ – by 20.20 points (-1.11 per cent) – up to 1796.18 point, S & P – by 11.45 points (-1.27 per cent) – up to 911.97 points.

As the leadership of GM announced, Opel needs the assistance of European governments in the amount of about 3.3 billion euros, as well as a new investor for its survival. German automakers want to become an independent European joint stock company in which GM’s shares will be minimal. German Chancellor Angela Merkel has pledged to provide guarantees for the new investor. According to the head of GM Fritz Henderson, business GM Europe, 80% consisting of Opel, thanks to the introduction of eko premium is doing better than expected. Liquidation of GM in the European unit is likely to last until the end of the year.

Meanwhile GM’s hopes for the new investor in Europe are strengthening. «I am very encouraged», – said the head of the council of general productiveness of Opel Klaus Franz to the newspaper Handelsblatt, after the auto giant described the success in finding investors. As Mr. Henderson said during the teleconference, he had already talked with more than half a dozen applicants for the German automakers. Among the potential buyers are financial investors, and some auto concerns. According to Fritz Henderson, now they have the financial statements of the company. Commerzbank, which has attracted German automakers to seek investors, recently posted the first part of the documents to potential buyers to increase their interest.

Recently, an Italian newspaper reported about the interest in Opel by the Italian auto company Fiat. The head of the supervisory board of Fiat Luca Cordero, however, refuted this information. As the head of GM said, he believes that one of the major challenges is the restoration of the competitiveness of the American concern: «If we have to do this through the bankruptcy, we will do it». The U.S. government is obliged to the automaker to settle billions of dollars of claims by creditors and the union UAW until the end of May. «The clock is ticking», – Mr. Henderson is forced to recognize. Detroit auto concern has already received 13.4 billion dollars from the state, without which it would not survive. According to the edition of Detroit News, the U.S. government is going to approve an additional 5 billion USD for the short-term help to GM this week. Its rival Chrysler can get support from the state in the amount 500 million dollars.

The financial results of VW in the first quarter exceeded expectations of the experts so much, that the company, that has become very optimistic, cautiously forecasts growth throughout 2009. At the motor show in Shanghai, Mr. Vinterkorn introduced the latest versions of popular models of Volkswagen, as the Golf and Passat. Now China is the biggest market for VW. In 2008, the concern was able to sell 1.02 million vehicles here (8.6% more than the previous year). By 2018 the automaker from Bayer plans to double sales volume. Audy company has a similar case. The automaker from Ingolstadt predicts a serious increase in the Chinese market. As the head of Audi Rupert Stadler said, the company expects to increase sales to 200 thousand cars per year by 2015. Last year the company became the most successful one among the producers of premium-class cars in the Chinese market, realizing 120 thousand cars. This year the company is also doing rather well. According to Stadler, «in March record of sales was recorded – 11 800 vehicles, and April was also no less than sensational». At this car show in Shanghai it presents an updated version of Audi Q7.

The main rival of Audi, BMW company has experienced serious shakes in regard with the crisis, but it hopes to remedy the situation by very successful sales in the Chinese market and has high hopes for a stable demand in the Chinese premium class auto market. As the company’s marketing director Ian Robertson said, according to the forecasts of the company sales in 2009 should exceed the ones of the last year (75 thousand cars).

The volume of retail sales in the United States grew by 0.5% in May 2009 compared with that of April and amounted to 339.99 billion dollars. Such data was released on Thursday, June 11, by the US Department of Commerce. Analysts had expected that this figure would increase by 0.6%.

In annual terms, retail sales in the United States decreased by 9.6% in May 2009.

According to revised data, the volume of retail sales decreased by 0.2% in April of this year.

At the same time, experts point out that this union of Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton will be good for their Brazilian rival Vale, as it will strengthen the position of suppliers of iron ore in negotiations with Chinese customers.

In addition, the number of companies participating in the annual price negotiations with steel workers will decline, and it will just happen at the same time when China will be fighting for a greater price declines than the one agreed to by the steel companies of Japan and South Korea.

Upon deciding to merge its iron ore business with BHP Billition, Rio Tinto has already abandoned the sale of the shares to Chinese metallurgical company Chinalco. The cost of the transaction was to amount to 19.5 billion U.S. Experts note that if the transaction took place, China could gain access to the Australian iron ore and even would be able to influence the pricing in this market.

“The establishment of a joint venture of BHP Billition and Rio Tinto is profitable for Brazilian Vale, because it will increase the price discipline. Furthermore, as a result of this transaction the total investment of the two companies in the mining of iron ore will decrease. Thus Vale will be able to boost its presence in the market “- believes the independent analyst Michelle Epplbaum.

It is also worth noting that every year, Rio Tinto, BHP Billiton and Vale negotiate the prices of iron ore with customers, and the total price becomes indicative for the entire industry. Such a system, existsting for 40 years, guarantees the stability in the market, but it becomes less effective with increasing volatility in commodity markets. This year, Japanese and South Korean steel companies agreed on 33% drop in prices, but Chinese demand not less than 40% reduction from last year’s prices. China explains these requirements of high volatility in world commodity markets.

Some analysts say, and that the transaction between the two companies will strengthen the position of Australian suppliers in the Chinese market, because they have an advantage over Vale thanks to geographical proximity and, consequently, lower transportation costs. However, the expert brokerage company Agora Christian Viana believes that the best quality of ore can help the Brazilian company to maintain its position in the Chinese market – the only one in the world where growth in consumption is expected. Anyway, one thing is clear: the fact that what is profitable for iron ore industry will eventually benefit all producers of iron ore, including Vale, conclude market participants.

Analysts of JPMorgan Chase & Co. also increased recommendations on the shares of one of the leading manufacturers of LCD-monitors, Nippon Electric Glass Co. to “above market”, and as a result the quotes the company soon grew to 8.2 per cent.

At the end of the session the quotes of some chemical companies also rose because of rumors that deals to merge some members of the sector could increase its profitability. As a result, shares of the company Tosoh Corp., specializing in the production of caustic soda, and those of the chemical concern Mitsubishi Chemicals Holdings Inc. added to the price of 0,96 per cent and 0,9 per cent respectively.

In the sector of electronics manufacturers market leaders became TDK Corp. (+1,36 per cent), Toshiba Corp. (1.36 per cent) and Olympus Corp. (1.89 per cent). Among automakers the following companies’ quotes rose – Honda Motor Co. (+1,95 per cent), Toyota Motor Corp. (+1.3 per cent) and Mazda Motor (+0,39 per cent).

At the same time in the red zone the session was closed for the financial sector, which happened after the decline of quotations of American financial companies on the stock market in the United States with a statement of some of them of their intention to raise funds through additional issue of ordinary shares in order to recover state money received under the program TARP. Against this background, quotes of the largest bank in Japan, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group dropped 1.13 per cent, while shares of smaller ones – Mizuho Financial and Sumitomo Mitsui lost 1.26 per cent and 0.27 per cent respectively in value.

As a result of trades on 3 June 2009 Nikkei index rose 37.36 points (0.38 per cent) – up to 9741.67 points. Dollar rate against the Japanese yen decreased by 0.68 yen over the previous trading day, and as a result became 95.62 yen per dollar.